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في الذكرى السادسة لمجزرة «الغوطة» شهود عيان يتذكرون

هاني العبد الله

“كانت ليلةً أشبه بيوم القيامة أو كابوس مخيف، لا بل حتى في الكابوس لا يمكن أن ترى مشاهداً فظيعةً ومخيفةً كالتي شاهدناها في تلك الليلة التي لا يمكنك أن تميز فيها بين الأموات والنيام”. بهذه الكلمات يصف الناشط ليث العبد الله تفاصيل ما عايشه في الغوطة قبل ست سنوات.

عقب الهجوم الكيماوي على الغوطة أصدرت الشبكة السورية لحقوق الإنسان تقريراً وثقت فيه بالاسم والتفاصيل مقتل 1127 شخصاً بينهم 107 طفل و201 امرأة وإصابة 5935 شخص، نتيجة قصف قوات النظام المكثف بالصواريخ المحملة بغاز السارين على زملكا وعين ترما وكفر بطنا، وعربين في الغوطة الشرقية ومعضمية الشام في الغوطة الغربية ليلة 21 آب 2013.

يصادف اليوم الحادي والعشرين من آب، الذكرى السادسة لمجزرة الكيماوي، ذلك اليوم الذي لا يمكن أن يُمحى من ذاكرة أي شخصٍ من أبناء الغوطة في ريف دمشق. ذكرياتٌ تحولت الى كابوسٍ لايزال الكثير يشاهده ممن حضروا تلك المجزرة بمجرد أن يغمضوا أعينهم.

شهداءٌ بلا دماء

الناشط ليث العبد الله أحد شهود العيان على مجزرة الكيماوي في الغوطة يسرد تفاصيل ما جرى قائلاً: “ليس هناك كلماتٌ تصف فظاعة تلك الليلة، كان يوماً أشبه بالمحشر، شهداءٌ بلا دماء، وأناس تتراكض في الشوارع من هول ما تشاهده، وسيارات الاسعاف تجري دون توقف”.

يضيف ليث لموقع أنا انسان “طوال تلك الليلة كانت أصوات القذائف والصواريخ تملأ أرجاء الغوطة، وفجأةً خيّم الصمت على كامل المكان، لنسمع بعد ذلك في الساعة الثانية والنصف صباحاً أصوات عدة قذائفٍ ارتطمت في الأرض دون سماع أصوات انفجارها، ظننا في البداية أنها لم تنفجر، فشعرنا بسعادةٍ ممزوجةٍ بخوفٍ وقلقٍ في داخلنا، وكأن شيئاً ما في انتظارنا”.

وتابع قائلاً: “بعد دقائق بدأت اشتم روائح غريبة، وأسمع صراخ النساء وبكاء الأطفال، وصافرات سيارات الاسعاف تملأ المكان، خرجت مسرعاً من المنزل لأشاهد جثثاً في الشوارع بلا أي دماء وكأنهم نيام، لم يكن أحدٌ يدري حقيقة ما حصل، وحين بدأ المصابون يتوافدون بكثافةٍ الى المشافي، علم الأطباء من خلال الأعراض التي شاهدوها كالزبد والرجفان وشخوص الأعين، أنها علامات اختناقٍ بالغازات السامة، وبدأت الأصوات تنادي انتبهوا كيماوي كيماوي، لتتعالى بعدها تكبيرات المساجد والنداءات من مآذنها مطالبةً الناس بالتوجه الى الأسطح والأماكن المرتفعة”.

بدوره قال أحمد سليمان أحد المسعفين في بلدة زملكا: إن “الهجوم الكيماوي طال زملكا وعين ترما وجوبر، ومن ثم تسربت الغازات السامة الى سقبا وحمورية ودوما ومسرابا وباقي بلدات الغوطة، وكان ذلك الاستهداف أول مرة يستخدم فيه النظام الأسلحة الكيماوية ضد الغوطة، لذلك لم يكن لدى الناس أي درايةٍ في كيفية التعامل مع هذا الهجوم، لذلك حتى المسعفين تعرضوا للاختناق والاغماء من بقايا الغاز السام العالق بملابس المصابين، وبات المسعفون بحاجة لمن يسعفهم”.

وأضاف سليمان لموقع أنا انسان “اكتظت النقاط الطبية والمشافي الميدانية الواقعة ضمن المناطق التي تم استهدافها بالمصابين، لذلك تم توزيع الكثير منهم على نقاط أخرى في مختلف مدن وبلدات الغوطة، كما كان يتم علاج الناس في أي مكان على الأرصفة وفي الأقبية والمدارس والجوامع، اضافةُ الى أن المشافي لم تكن مجهزة وغير مؤهلة للتعامل مع الهجمات الكيماوية، وكان يتم رش مياه باردة على المصابين بعد خلع ملابسهم، واستخدام أجهزة الربو، حيث يتم وضع مادة سالبو في أنابيب الأوكسجين والتي تساهم في توسيع القصبات الهوائية، نظراً لعدم وجود أدوية وأجهزة مخصصة لعلاج حالات الاصابة بالغازات السامة”.

 

كارثة حقيقية

يصف سليمان الحال وهو يسعف المصابين قائلاً: “كانت أجساد المصابين ترتجف وكأنهم أسماكٌ خرجت من الماء وبدأت تلتطم أرضاً وهي تلفظ أنفاسها الأخيرة، كان أغلبهم نساءٌ وأطفال، وقد بدوا جثثاً باردةً انتُزعت منها الروح، بينما عددٌ قليلٌ من المصابين منحهم الله القوة فصارعوا الموت وعادوا للحياة، لتبقى في أذهانهم ذكرياتٌ مؤلمةٌ لن تفارقهم مدى الحياة”.

وتابع قائلاً: “في الدقيقة الواحدة كان يتوافد الى المكان الذي أعمل فيه عشرات المصابين، ولم يكن الطاقم الطبي قادراً على مداواة الجميع، ما تسبّب في وفاة الكثير منهم، لكن في المقابل تفاجأنا بكثيرٍ من الأشخاص عادوا للحياة بمشيئة الله وقدره، بعد أن ظننا أنهم ماتوا، حتى أن هناك أشخاصاً عادت لهم الروح قبيل دفنهم في المقابر”.

لم يكتفِ النظام بالهجوم الكيماوي الذي استهدف فيه بلدات الغوطة، وإنما خلال عمليات اسعاف المصابين ودفن الجثث، كان جيش النظام يقصف بعشرات القذائف والصواريخ؛ ما زاد من أعداد الشهداء، وأدى لسقوط عددٍ كبيرٍ من الإصابات في صفوف المسعفين وذوي المصابين والشهداء.

وذكر الصحفي غياث الذهبي من أبناء الغوطة، أن “المنطقة التي طالها الهجوم الكيماوي في الغوطة الشرقية، ليست ذات كثافة سكانية عالية ويسكنها 20% فقط، ولو طال الاستهداف بلدات سقبا وكفربطنا وحمورية ودوما، لوقعت كارثة حقيقية، ووصل عدد الضحايا إلى أكثر من 10 آلاف قتيل”.

 

لا محاسبة للقاتل

مرت ست سنوات على الفاجعة وما زال الأسد طليقاً، والمجتمع الدولي عاجزٌ عن محاسبته، حيث يواصل النظام المراوغة ومحاولات طمس معالم الجريمة، كي يخفي أي أدلة يمكن أن تدينه وتتسبب في محاكمته مستقبلاً.

وأفاد الذهبي أنه “عقب سيطرة الأسد على كامل الغوطة الشرقية في نيسان 2018، سارع الى نبش بعض القبور التي تحوي جثث ضحايا المجزرة الكيماوية وأخفاها في أماكن مجهولة، كما اعتقل كل الإعلاميين المسؤولين عن توثيق جريمة الكيماوي ومن بينهم المشاركون في انتاج فيلم يوثق ما حصل في الهجوم الكيماوي للمخرج همام الحصري، فضلاً عن اعتقال أطباء وممرضين وحفاري قبور، وإجبار بعضهم على الشهادة أمام المحكمة الدولية على أن المجزرة كانت مجرد تمثيلية فبركتها المعارضة”.

وعقب الهجوم الكيماوي على الغوطة، هددت عدة دول حينها باستهداف النظام السوري عسكرياً، إلا أنها تراجعت بعد أن صادق الأسد على معاهدة حظر انتشار الأسلحة الكيماوية في 14 من أيلول عام 2013، والتي تقضي بتفكيك مخزونه من الكيماوي، إلا أن النظام استمر باستخدام أسلحة محرمة دولياً، إذ وثقت الشبكة السورية لحقوق الانسان أكثر من 200 هجمةٍ كيماويةٍ في سوريا بعد مجزرة الغوطة في 2013.

وبحسب رئيس أركان إدارة الحرب الكيمياوية في جيش النظام سابقاً اللواء عدنان سلو فإن “كل الأدلة تشير الى تورط الأسد بهجوم بغاز السارين على الغوطة في 2013، ورغم تعهده بتدمير كامل ترسانته الكيماوية، إلا أنه خدع المجتمع الدولي، حيث كان المخزون الكيماوي لدى النظام يبلغ ثلاثة آلاف طن، سلّم منها للجنة التحقيق 1300 طن، وهو الرقم الذي صرح به، وبقي بحوزته 1700 طن”.

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